Royal State Stallion Depot Station at Brünn to the Municipal Council in Neustadtl

Official notice concerning the arrival of the covering Commando and the cleaning of the stable, 22 January 1869.

Brno, Moravia, Austrian Empire / Austria-Hungary

administrative notice
German language correspondence
Moravia
Brünn / Brno
Neustadtl
Iglau Circle
state horse-breeding administration
stable cleaning
covering Commando
municipal administration

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000001 - Image 1: Address Panel

Address Panel.

Address side of NRA-L-000001, addressed to the Municipal Council in Neustadtl.

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NRA-L-000001 - Image 2: Letter Text - Page 1

Letter Text - Page 1.

Letter text page of NRA-L-000001, dated Brünn, 22 January 1869, signed Schlosser, Rittmeister.

[[label: Address Panel]] Königl: Staats Hengsten Depot Station Nro 1. Nro 13. An den Gemeinde Rath In Neustadtl (Iglauer Kreis) Dienstsache

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Königl: Staats Hengsten Depot Station zu Brünn. Nro 13. An den Gemeinde Rath in Neustadtl. Nachdem das Beschäl Commando am 26ten Februar l. J. dort eintreffen wird, so wird der Gemeinde Rath ersucht, den Eigenthümer des Beschällokales zur Reinigung des Stalles sogleich verhalten zu wollen damit das Commando anstands los beim dortigen Einrücken unterge= bracht werden kann. Brünn am 22. Jänner 1869. Schlosser Rittm

[[label: Address Panel]] Royal State Stallion Depot Station No. 1. No. 13. To the Municipal Council in Neustadtl. (Iglau Circle) Official Business

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Royal State Stallion Depot Station at Brünn. No. 13. To the Municipal Council in Neustadtl. Since the covering Commando will arrive there on the 26th of February of the current year, the Municipal Council is requested to be pleased immediately to compel the owner of the covering lokal to clean the stable, so that the Commando may be lodged there without difficulty upon its entry. Brünn, 22 January 1869. Schlosser Rittm[eister]

Open public access. The images displayed and downloadable on each item page are public access copies. Non-commercial reuse of those images and of public transcriptions, translations, metadata and descriptions is permitted with clear credit to Neruda Archives and preservation of the relevant item identifier and stable URL. Automated use and AI training are permitted for commercial and non-commercial systems with provenance retained where technically feasible. Commercial republication, resale, advertising, paid database or dataset access and bulk image redistribution require prior written permission. Access to non-public source scans (preservation masters) or files specially prepared for print, where available, requires prior written agreement.


Letter from Sarah Austin to Mrs George Grote concerning John Austin's first lecture

Private English letter dated 4 November 1828 concerning John Austin's improving health, his first lecture and the delayed opening of his course.

private correspondence
English correspondence
Sarah Austin
Mrs George Grote
John Austin
first lecture
course delay
health
Mr Mill
Mr Grote
Eyton Tooke
John Mill
Threadneedle Street

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000002 - Image 1: Address Panel and Letter Text - Page 1

Address Panel and Letter Text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000002 image 1 showing the address to Mrs George Grote, the beginning of the letter and an upside-down marginal note.

NRA-L-000002 - Image 2: Letter Text - Pages 2-3

Letter Text - Pages 2-3.

NRA-L-000002 image 2 showing the continuation of Sarah Austin's letter to Mrs George Grote.

[[label: Address Panel]] Mrs George Grote Threadneedle St 62

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Tuesday eveng 4th Novr (only recd. Nov. 6th) My dear Mrs Grote I am afraid you have wondered as you have reason to do at my not answering your very kind note. I have however but this moment received it & our first post is at 1/2 past 10 tomorrow morning. My dear husband is steadily advancing in health & in the great work which, as you say mainly depends upon that. He is certainly I shall soon make an attempt to get to you tho I can bring nothing to the angels & their feasts but my gross earthly nature - Yours most affecty S. Austin

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] better today than I have seen him for some time. He has read me the greater part of his first lecture which I think will satisfy & even more than sa- tisfy the two persons whose approbation I have most at heart, Mr Mill & Mr Grote. The announcement is all nothing. It was without his knowledge or concurrence. He is resolute not to begin till he feels beyond the reach of accidents & I begin to

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] think he is right. Eyton Tooke & John Mill were both here on Sunday They both think that in his class a delay is not of serious importance that indeed many men who would attend are not in town yet. Be that as it may we must take patience, which I can do now that I see him getting on & in good heart. I am sure whenever the time comes he would be glad to see Mr Grote among his auditors if it does not put him to inconvenience I hope you are well -

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] [Letter] Tuesday evening 4th November (only received Nov. 6th) My dear Mrs Grote, I am afraid you have wondered, as you have reason to do, at my not answering your very kind note. I have, however, but this moment received it, and our first post is at half past 10 tomorrow morning. My dear husband is steadily advancing in health and in the great work which, as you say, mainly depends upon that. He is certainly I shall soon make an attempt to get to you, though I can bring nothing to the angels and their feasts but my gross earthly nature.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] better today than I have seen him for some time. He has read me the greater part of his first lecture, which I think will satisfy, and even more than satisfy, the two persons whose approbation I have most at heart, Mr Mill and Mr Grote. The announcement is all nothing. It was without his knowledge or concurrence. He is resolute not to begin till he feels beyond the reach of accidents, and I begin to

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] think he is right. Eyton Tooke and John Mill were both here on Sunday. They both think that in his class a delay is not of serious importance, that indeed many men who would attend are not in town yet. Be that as it may, we must take patience, which I can do now that I see him getting on and in good heart. I am sure whenever the time comes he would be glad to see Mr Grote among his auditors if it does not put him to inconvenience. I hope you are well.

Before John Austin's first jurisprudence course


Business letter from Ramón de Guardamino to José Manuel de Brunet concerning paper manufacture and industrial accounts

Spanish business letter dated 14 August 1847 from Bilbao to San Sebastián concerning paper manufacturing costs, sales, trade credit, account statements, competition and a traveling salesman.

Bilbao
San Sebastián
Valmaseda / Balmaseda
Carranza / Karrantza
Madrid
Zaragoza
Galicia

Spanish business correspondence
paper manufacturing
industrial accounts
paper costs
sales strategy
trade credit
traveling salesman
competition
Bilbao
San Sebastián

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000003 - Image 1: Address Panel

Address Panel.

NRA-L-000003 image 1 showing the address to José Manuel de Brunet in San Sebastián.

NRA-L-000003 - Image 2: Letter Text - Page 1

Letter Text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000003 image 2 showing the first page of Ramón de Guardamino's letter from Bilbao, 14 August 1847.

NRA-L-000003 - Image 3: Letter Text - Page 2

Letter Text - Page 2.

NRA-L-000003 image 3 showing the continuation of the business letter concerning paper costs and accounts.

NRA-L-000003 - Image 4: Letter Text - Page 3

Letter Text - Page 3.

NRA-L-000003 image 4 showing the final page and signature of Ramón de Guardamino's letter.

[[label: Address Panel]] Al Sr. Dn. José Manuel de Brunet Sn. Sebastian

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] R. 17 dho Sr Dn José Manuel de Brunet Sn Sebastn Bilbao 14 de Agosto de 1847. Estimado amigo: Llegué de mi salida á Valmaseda y Carranza, y contesto á su apreciada del 7. Ayer tarde y al siguiente que llegué, me dijo Epalza que queria hablarme un momento, y me indicó era sobre una carta que tenia de V. y le dije que podia hacerlo cuando gustase; pero aun nada me ha dicho nada; y no he creido deberle recordar porque no sea que ni él ni yo estamos en el caso desesperado. Otros industriales se hallan por aqui, y no en otras partes como nosotros, y los de Sta Ana se hallaron en iguales compro- misos el año anterior, pero por fortuna se abrieron las ventas que siguen haciendo y no pueden llenar faltas de conductores. Veré si Dn Tomas habla y si algo se hace. El Dn Arellano es lo mismo que Epalza, y cuando yo hablé con él me significó que daria 1/2 p% de interes por su firma, y habiendome propuesto á que de una vez que me daba apuntes magnificos que daria 1 p% y luego veo que Epalza que habló con él á consecuencia de la carta de V. ha fijado 1 p%. El banco les ha prestado dinero tam- bien, y digo todo esto con reserva pues del mismo modo se me ha dicho. No hay dinero y la industria en general se verá mal, en particular aquella cuyas ventas se entorpezcan, y no hay ningun remedio ni mas recurso que fabricar en proporcion de las salidas que puedan tenerse, pues todo lo demas es para mi [perdido?] y mal cálculo. Del 25 al 27 saldré para Madrid si no hago faltas y siento no poder salir antes. Ya que VV. se ocupaban de preparar las instrucciones fuera bien que saliese el Viajante, que debe estudiar el caracter de las gentes con quien trate, pues á unos les agradará un caracter y lenguage, y á otros no. A unos alegria y trato cierto punto de ligereza, á otros cierta formalidad. A las mugeres frivolidades y cosas propias de ellas; y en ocasiones pueden ser las que influyan. Nada puede hacerse productivo, y creo que mucho de esto debe dejarse de de- cir á ese Joven que hace la 1ª salida al mundo industrial. Me dice V. que nada tienen

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] que decir á los cálculos de Roestel, y yo por el contrario creo deben VV. examinarlos para ver si estamos conformes. La cuenta del coste de nuestro papel, segun las mias fundadas en los preceptos de aq[ue]l despues de cargar todo hasta los intereses del capital de movi- miento á 10 p % y los de acciones y dividendo que son 20 p % permite vender caso necesario nuestro papel á saber. 1ª y 2ª calidad ó pasta cargando sobre ella 33 1/3 p % en lugar de 10 p % y 20 p % á 5 rs. libra 3ª con cargo de 10 y 20 p % á 3 rs. 13 1/2 mrs. 4ª con igual cargo ................... " 2 rs. 23 mrs. 5ª id id ................................ " 2 rs. 21 mrs. todo esto en trapos del pais y de Hamburgo mezclados por mitad, y que no debe haber ni mezclarse tanto Hamb[urg]o y saldrá mas barato. El de Galicia sale con igual cargo de 30 p % á 3 rs. 19 mrs. la libra en comun, de modo que el Galicia con 1/3 y 2/3 de las Provincias y Hamburgo puede darse caso necesario á 2 rs. 20 [mrs?] papel de imprenta, y rollos ya con la carga de 30 p %, esto es lo que yo quiero que VV. examinen, para que sepamos lo que aun ignoramos, que es el coste de nuestro papel para poder vender y saber hasta donde puede irse en la competencia. Veo que me remitirá V. de Madrid el Estado. Para otro año ya que por desgracia no lo hemos hecho nunca, los estados deben comprender las diferentes calida- des del papel que existan y las calidades diferentes de pasta y trapo, y tambien que todo se pese para que sir- va de confrontacion y si por nota pueden VV. ponerlo este año en lo relativo á calidades mejor, y tambien las diferencias halladas en pasta y trapo. Han podido VV. notar que los Rs. 48,000, de depreciacion han sido mal cargados en el estado y este en realidad quedara reducido á 40,000 y pico de diferencia en lugar de lo que representa. Ruego á V. no se descuide la preparacion del consabido papel y que esté en Madrid pronto para ver que puede hacerse. Sin mas terreno que el que tenemos podemos sacar 40, ó 50 resmas diarias segun los calculos tirados por Pourvel y esta fabricacion se hace indispensable. Todos establecen fabricacion á mano si bien con cilindro. Nuestro sistema puede ser

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] mejor y mas economico que aquel: hay que seguir lo y buscar el medio de poner los [illegible] anejos á otra cosa. La reserva es de absoluta necesidad, y que la orden dada se cumpla, y asi se le previno y al mismo Pourvel le dije que aun estando los jueves en casa alguno que no permitiese entrar á la mecanica en el momento hacia nuestro. Estaba aqui con varios que consumen nuestro papel, y se hace fraude. Delma me enseñó los pedidos de papel comun que pidio á Zaragoza remiti muestra á Cardenal para que remi- tiese el de VV es á 26 rs en Zaragoza, mucho mejor que el nuestro á igual precio y aun que el de 32 y 34. Que habia pedido muchas veces papeles comunes y que no los habian VV remitido. Tambien de imprenta habia pedido á Zaragoza, porque me enseño uno hecho por nosotros para una publicacion, de buena pasta si pero con arenilla que destruye la im- presion esta es fabricacion del bribon que con tanta facilidad nos engañó. Demasiado largo voy siendo. De V siempre afmo amigo. Apretones del amanuense Juanito Ramon de Guardamino

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] R. 17 of the same [month] Mr. Dn. José Manuel de Brunet Sn. Sebastn. Bilbao, August 14, 1847. Esteemed friend: I arrived from my trip to Valmaseda and Carranza, and I reply to your esteemed [letter] of the 7th. Yesterday afternoon and the day following my arrival, Epalza told me he wanted to speak with me for a moment, and indicated it was about a letter he had from you, and I told him he could do so whenever he pleased; but he has still told me nothing at all; and I have not thought it my duty to remind him so it does not appear that either he or I are in a desperate situation. Other industrialists find themselves around here, and not in other parts like us, and those of Sta. Ana found themselves in equal commitments the previous year, but fortunately the sales opened up, which they continue making, and they cannot fill the lack of drivers [transporters]. I will see if Dn. Tomas speaks and if something is done. Dn. Arellano is the same as Epalza, and when I spoke with him he indicated to me that he would give 1/2 p% [percent] interest for his signature, and having proposed to me that at once he was giving me magnificent notes [promissory notes] he would give 1 p% and then I see that Epalza, who spoke with him as a consequence of your letter, has fixed 1 p%. The bank has lent them money too, and I say all this with reserve since it was told to me in the same manner. There is no money and industry in general will find itself in a bad way, in particular that whose sales are hindered, and there is no remedy nor more recourse than to manufacture in proportion to the sales that can be had, since all the rest is for me [lost?] and a bad calculation. From the 25th to the 27th I will leave for Madrid if I do not fail [if nothing prevents me] and I am sorry not to be able to leave sooner. Since you [plural] were occupied with preparing the instructions, it would be good if the Traveling Salesman set out, who must study the character of the people with whom he deals, since to some one character and language will be pleasing, and to others not. To some cheerfulness and dealing with a certain degree of lightness, to others a certain formality. To women frivolities and things proper to them; and on occasions they can be the ones who influence. Nothing can be made productive, and I believe that much of this should be left unsaid to that Young man who is making his 1st outing into the industrial world. You tell me that you have nothing

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] to say to Roestel's calculations, and I on the contrary believe you [plural] should examine them to see if we are in agreement. The account of the cost of our paper, according to mine founded on the precepts of that one [Roestel] after charging everything up to the interests of the working capital at 10 p% and those of shares and dividend which are 20 p% permits selling in case of necessity our paper namely: 1st and 2nd quality or pulp charging upon it 33 1/3 p% instead of 10 p% and 20 p% at 5 rs. [reales] a pound 3rd with a charge of 10 and 20 p% at 3 rs. 13 1/2 mrs. [maravedíes] 4th with equal charge ................... " 2 rs. 23 mrs. 5th id id [idem idem] ................................ " 2 rs. 21 mrs. all this in domestic rags and of Hamburg mixed by half, and that there should not be nor be mixed so much Hamb[urg] and it will come out cheaper. That of Galicia comes out with an equal charge of 30 p% at 3 rs. 19 mrs. the pound in common, so that the Galicia with 1/3 and 2/3 of the Provinces and Hamburg can be given in case of necessity at 2 rs. 20 [mrs?] printing paper, and rolls already with the charge of 30 p%, this is what I want you [plural] to examine, so that we know what we still ignore, which is the cost of our paper to be able to sell and know how far one can go in the competition. I see that you will remit to me from Madrid the Statement. For another year since unfortunately we have never done it, the statements must comprise the different qualities of paper that exist and the different qualities of pulp and rag, and also that everything be weighed so that it serves for comparison and if by note you [plural] can put it this year regarding qualities better, and also the differences found in pulp and rag. You [plural] have been able to note that the Rs. 48,000 of depreciation have been badly charged in the statement and this in reality will remain reduced to 40,000 and a bit of difference instead of what it represents. I beg you not to neglect the preparation of the aforementioned paper and that it be in Madrid soon to see what can be done. Without more land than what we have we can get out 40, or 50 reams daily according to the calculations drawn by Pourvel and this manufacturing becomes indispensable. Everyone establishes manufacturing by hand although with a cylinder. Our system can be

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] better and more economical than that: it must be followed and the means sought to put the [illegible] annexes to something else. Secrecy is of absolute necessity, and that the order given be fulfilled, and thus he was warned and to Pourvel himself I said that even if someone was in the house on Thursdays he should not permit entry to the machinery at the moment he was making ours. I was here with several who consume our paper, and fraud is being committed. Delma showed me the orders for common paper that he requested to Zaragoza I remitted a sample to Cardenal so that he would remit yours is at 26 rs in Zaragoza, much better than ours at equal price and even than that of 32 and 34. That he had requested common papers many times and that you [plural] had not remitted them. Also of printing [paper] he had requested to Zaragoza, because he showed me one made by us for a publication, of good pulp yes but with grit that destroys the printing this is the manufacturing of the scoundrel who with such ease deceived us. I am being too long. From your always affectionate friend. Handshakes from the amanuensis Juanito Ramon de Guardamino


Letter from Rosaes ceba to Don Rafael Policarpo Sanz

Spanish letter dated 13 April 1806 from Martimuñoz, sent via Arebalo to Olmedo, mentioning local deaths, burial, an embargo involving priests, and household goods.

Martín Muñoz de las Posadas, Castile, Spain

Spanish correspondence
local deaths
burial
embargo
writ of attachment
priests
household goods
Martimuñoz
Olmedo

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000004 - Image 1: Address Panel

Address Panel.

NRA-L-000004 image 1 showing the address to Don Rafael Policarpo Sanz, via Arebalo, in Olmedo.

NRA-L-000004 - Image 2: Letter Text - Page 1

Letter Text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000004 image 2 showing the letter text dated 13 April 1806 from Martimuñoz.

[[label: Address Panel]] A D.n + Rafael poli car po sanz q.e Dios g.de Por Arebalo en olmedo

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] y corr.da en 15 de d.o Martimuñoz y Abril á 13 de 1806. Mi S.or D.n Rafael M.e alegrare de la salud de us te des todos lamia es guena aun q.e aqui en este pueblo todos los dias ay in tiero sabaan las niñas q.e a mu erto la ma nuela dela abacera y el sas tre y esto lo sirbe para de cirle v m: q.e anbenido a dar la [cala traba?] del enbargo de los eñores quras y [crossed out: leicieron] en el arca grande y en la sitha poltrona de la cocina le ycieron el juebes nos eofrece otra cosa mas Memorias de D.n Maria para todos y mias las Recibi [blot]Raan us te des Con salud de todos y Man [blot]den us te des Asubecina q.e de corazon los estima auste des y bezdesca Rosaes ceba muchas memorias para todas las ñoras mias y de mi Mariquit[a]

[[label: Address Panel]] To Don + Rafael Policarpo Sanz, whom God keep Via Arebalo in Olmedo

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Later manuscript record [Answered on the 15th of the same month.] Martín Muñoz, 13 April 1806. My Lord Don Rafael, I will be glad of the health of you all; mine is good, although here in this town every day there is a burial. The girls will know that Manuela from the woman grocer's and the tailor have died, and this serves to tell Your Grace that they have come to execute the attachment ordered by the lord priests, and on the large chest and on the upholstered easy chair in the kitchen they executed it on Thursday. Nothing else offers itself. Regards from Doña María for everyone, and mine. You will receive them with the health of everyone, and command your neighbour who esteems you all from the heart and blesses you, Rosaes ceba Many regards to all my ladies, and from my Mariquita.


Catalan letter from Joan Serra to Manuel Lasala

Catalan letter dated 4 April 1832 from Igualada to Manuel Lasala in Barcelona, asking for assistance concerning the sender's brother, a sentence to the presidio, factory work, weekly payment and an obligation to the Comú.

Catalan correspondence
family assistance
brother
presidio
factory work
weekly payment
Comú
charity
Igualada
Barcelona

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000005 - Image 1: Address Panel and Letter Text - Page 1

Address Panel and Letter Text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000005 image 1 showing the address to Manuel Lasala in Barcelona and the first page of Joan Serra's Catalan letter from Igualada, 4 April 1832.

NRA-L-000005 - Image 2: Letter Text - Page 2

Letter Text - Page 2.

NRA-L-000005 image 2 showing the second page and signature of Joan Serra's Catalan letter.

[[label: Address Panel]] Al S.r D.n Manuel Lasala Carrer den Bot Barcelona

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Igualada 4 de Abril de 1832 M S Mol S.r meu sento mol al beulo de cansar sobre lo Assumpto del meu estimat jerma q.e p.r poca cosa lo ayan de fer anar a presidi q.e ja he s- crit a D.n Joan ferrer q.e li pogessen compra los pochs Anys de presidi q.e li an posat que quedan se a treballa en la sua fabrica se pot tot rrequita tan cada Semmana q.e jo no u puch fe q.e me gastat tota la meua po bresa ab una cosa y haxis p.r las Llagas de jesus facian esta caritat que lo meu jerma quedera bo li repeteix q.e hentre tots ho facian.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] D.n Manuel faciu q.e jo no pugut baxar q.e fas una fayna p.r lo Cumu q.e no la puch dexar q.e la Sammana entran la tinch de ontrega p.r pordo= nar de est emfado Expresions y mant de son S.r o dor Segur q b. l. m. Joan Serra

[[label: Address Panel]] To Señor Don Manuel Lasala Carrer den Bot Barcelona

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Igualada, 4 April 1832 My very dear Sir, I am very sorry to have to tire you regarding the matter of my esteemed brother, that for a small thing they have to make him go to the presidio. For I have already written to Don Joan Ferrer that they might buy out the few years of presidio that they have imposed on him, so that by staying to work in the factory it can all be paid off by giving a certain amount each week. For I cannot do it, as I have spent all my poverty on one thing, and thus, by the Wounds of Jesus, do this charity, for my brother will be good. I repeat to you that between all of you, you should do this.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] Don Manuel, do this, for I have not been able to come down, because I am doing a job for the Comú that I cannot leave, as I have to deliver it next week. Please forgive this annoyance. Greetings, and command your faithful servant who kisses your hands. Joan Serra


Letter from Guigne to Monsieur Le Roy / mon cher Henri, 1839-01-05

Guigne gives Henri Le Roy a detailed eyewitness account of grain-price unrest around La Rochelle in early January 1839, including crowds at the town hall, attacks on merchants' houses, military intervention, arrests and reported casualties.

Historical correspondence
Private collection
Letter
French language
La Rochelle grain unrest
bread prices
grain trade
civil unrest
National Guard
line infantry
gendarmerie
La Rochelle
La Jarrie
Dompierre
Montroy

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000006, watermarked access image 001

Address panel, exterior postal marks and seal.

NRA-L-000006 image 1 showing the address panel, exterior postal marks and seal for Guigne's 1839 French letter to Monsieur Le Roy.

NRA-L-000006, watermarked access image 002

First page of the letter text, with marginal note.

NRA-L-000006 image 2 showing the first page of Guigne's letter from Montroy, dated 5 January 1839, with a marginal note.

NRA-L-000006, watermarked access image 003

Second page of the letter text, with marginal note.

NRA-L-000006 image 3 showing the second page of Guigne's letter concerning unrest over grain and bread prices near La Rochelle.

NRA-L-000006, watermarked access image 004

Third page of the letter text and signature.

NRA-L-000006 image 4 showing the final page and signature of Guigne's letter.

[[label: Address Panel]] A Monsieur Monsieur Le Roy, propriétaire à la loge, commune de Cherbonnières par St Jean d'Angely Cte Infe

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] ARRONDISSEMENT Montroy, le 5 Janvier 1839 de La Rochelle. CANTON Le Juge de Paix du Canton de la Jarrie, de La Jarrie. A Monsieur Je m'empresse, mon cher Henri, de vous donner des détails de ce qui est arrivé à la Rochelle et aux environs, parceque les évènemens passant de bouche en bouche, prennent une gravité plus grande qu'ils n'en ont réellement : cependant ils ne sont pas sans conséquences & sans faire naître des motifs d'inquiétude pour l'avenir; le prétexte a été la cherté des grains. Le premier de ce mois un fort rassemblement s'est fait à la mairie de la Rochelle, il demandait la diminution du pain et que l'on empêchât l'embarquement de grain qui se succédait depuis long-tems; le nombre des personnes rassemblées est devenu tellement fort et menaçant qu'il a envahi l'Hôtel de ville et que l'on a été obligé de faire marcher deux compagnies de la ligne pour les chasser. le Préfet est absent et remplacé par Desnobles conseiller de préfecture, le maire Pasteau qui est député, est aussi absent et est remplacé par le premier adjoint, Mr Goud, architecte, homme bon, mais faible et n'étant point susceptible d'embrasser les conséquences du moment, pour prendre des mesures en c'e circonstance. Le rassemblement chassé de la mairie, parlementa et reprocha à l'adjoint de s'être servi de la ligne, que si elle était employée il en résulterait des conséquences graves, il y aurait du sang de répandu, qu'ils demandaient qu'est on ne fît plus sortir de bled, qu'il y avait des accapareurs qui voulaient affamer le peuple et que le bled était envoyé chez nos ennemis les anglais. Marginal note: Je m'apperçois qu'il manque à la suite de cette narration des faits, de vous dire que le mardi premier l'adjoint ayant promis la non sortie des grains, la troupe et la foule s'étaient retirées et ce n'est que le jeudi que tout a recommencé.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] l'adjoint promit que l'on ne se serviroit que de la garde nationale que l'embarquement des grains seroit empêché; ces concessions, imprudentes, parcequ'elles étoient menaçantes, loin de calmer l'irritation du peuple, & le nombre, [crossed out: ne] fit l'effet contraire, et le lendemain la masse étoit plus compacte et il paroît même que les émeutiers avoient profité de la suspension des mesures de l'autorité pour faire un appel aux communes voisines, et en effet le deux à dix heures se passa à Dompierre, me rendant à La Rochelle; il y avoit un rassemblement de plus de 300 personnes qui avoit arrêté dès le matin toutes les charettes chargées de bled et de farines destinées pour la Rochelle, on mit des factionnaires pour garder les charettes, il n'y eut aucun vol aucun dégat, ce rassemblement à Dompierre s'étoit fait en battant la générale en sonnant le tocsin contre la volonté de l'autorité locale. Aussitôt que je fus passé la multitude réunie à Dompierre se dirigea sur la Rochelle, l'autorité de cette ville en eut l'avis, on voulut fermer la porte Royale, mais le rassemblement de Dompierre arrivant d'un côté et celui de la Rochelle de l'autre forcèrent la garde et cette masse devint menaçante à la mairie, pas un garde national n'étoit sur pied, pas un gendarme, pas une compagnie de la ligne, cependant le commandant de place faisoit renforcer les postes, le général a diverses reprises avoit offert au maire de mettre à sa disposition 1100 hommes de troupes, toutes prêtes (elles étoient consignées) l'adjoint dit qu'il ne vouloit pas faire répandre de sang. Les émeutiers alors eurent une grande idée de leur force et commencèrent de 12 à midi environ à se porter sur les maisons qui passoient pour accapareurs, chez le S. Dutertre (par un nommé Cormereau, avec des batons (après avoir enfoncé les portes) ils cassèrent des fiolles (il est pharmacien) qui s'enflammèrent à l'instant, ils déchirèrent ses livres, on cria au feu, les pompes arrivèrent et il n'y eut point de suites. on battit la générale. ils se portèrent chez un nommé L'évêque ils déchirèrent tous ses livres cassèrent et brisèrent plusieurs choses. Marginal note: L'on a envoyé chercher à St Jean d'Angély de la troupe d'infanterie et à Rochefort, de Niort des cuirassiers. On m'a assuré qu'on avoit affiché qu'à dater d'aujourd'hui le pain baisseroit.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] De là chez un nommé fragneau marchand de farine auprès de la grosse horloge, ils cassèrent diverses choses et déchirèrent ses livres, on dit aussi qu'ils furent chez coniée et martin quelques gardes nationaux s'étant réunis, on en avisa qu'ils devaient se porter sur la maison de l'adjoint, Goud, à l'est de l'arsenal; quinze gardes nationaux s'y rendirent, à peine rendus les émeutiers arrivèrent, ils foulèrent aux pieds, pour ainsi dire, les gardes nationaux et enfoncèrent les portes brisèrent les contrevents s'introduisirent dans la maison, déchirèrent en morceaux les lits, mirent en pièce les fauteuils, chaises, canapés, les glaces, armoires et tout ce qui se trouva sous leurs mains, jettèrent par la fenêtre le linge et des objets précieux, enfin déménagèrent dans un instant une maison des mieux meublées de la ville, on estime la perte à 40,000 f on vint dire à l'adjoint son désastre et enfin, en pleurant dit-on, il se décida, sur l'instigation d'un conseiller de préfecture, à signer une réquisition pour le général et la gendarmerie. les émeutiers s'étant rendus à la porte du maire et avaient commencé à enfoncer les portes lorsque la ligne, gendarmerie et une portion de la garde nationale arriva, dans un instant ils furent dispersés, le général D'hautpoul dit, rapporte-t-on, maintenant je suis en règle (plus de concessions), il faut dissiper tout. en effet dans un instant ils furent refoulés dans tous les sens, trois décharges en l'air furent faites après les sommations, on dit et cela parait probable qu'une f[emme a été] tuée à sa croisée au second et un jeune homme a eu une balle dans le coté. les portes se sont fermées, les patrouilles ont roulé le Reste du jour de mercredi et la nuit suivante, on dit que 40 ont été arrêtés que l'on a trouvé sur quelques uns des bijoux appartenant à Madame goud. on a prétendu que jeudi les émeutiers se portaient au nombre de 1500 au braud et sur Marans on dit aussi que l'on faisait venir de la cavalerie de niort et fontenai. c'est tout ce que je peux vous dire. il n'a point été question qu'il y ait eu le moindre mouvement dans mon canton. recevez pour vous et votre chère femme, mon ami, l'assurance de l'amitié sincère de toute ma famille Guigne

[[label: Address Panel]] To Monsieur Monsieur Le Roy, proprietor at La Loge, commune of Cherbonnières via Saint-Jean-d'Angély Charente-Inférieure

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Montroy, 5 January 1839 ARRONDISSEMENT of La Rochelle. CANTON of La Jarrie. The Justice of the Peace of the Canton of La Jarrie, To Monsieur I hasten, my dear Henri, to give you details of what has happened in La Rochelle and the surrounding area, because events passing from mouth to mouth take on a greater gravity than they really have: however, they are not without consequences & without giving rise to motives for anxiety for the future; the pretext was the high price of grain. On the first of this month a large gathering formed at the town hall of La Rochelle, it demanded the reduction of bread and that the loading of grain, which had been happening successively for a long time, be prevented; the number of people gathered became so large and threatening that it invaded the City Hall and that they were obliged to march two companies of the line to chase them away. The Prefect is absent and replaced by Desnobles, prefecture councillor, the mayor Pasteau who is a deputy, is also absent and is replaced by the first deputy, Mr Goud, architect, a good man, but weak and not at all capable of grasping the consequences of the moment, to take measures in this circumstance. The gathering, chased from the town hall, parleyed and reproached the deputy for having used the line, that if it were used grave consequences would result, there would be blood spilled, that they demanded that no more wheat be allowed to leave, that there were hoarders who wanted to starve the people and that the wheat was sent to our enemies the English. In the margin: I realise that I have omitted, following this narration of facts, to tell you that on Tuesday the first, the deputy having promised the non-departure of the grain, the troops and the crowd had withdrawn and it was only on Thursday that everything started again.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] The deputy promised that only the national guard would be used, that the loading of grain would be prevented; these concessions, imprudent, because they were threatening, far from calming the irritation of the people, & the number, had the opposite effect, and the next day the mass was more compact and it even seems that the rioters had taken advantage of the suspension of the authorities' measures to make an appeal to the neighbouring communes, and indeed on the second at ten o'clock it happened in Dompierre, as I was going to La Rochelle; there was a gathering of more than 300 people who had stopped since the morning all the carts loaded with wheat and flour destined for La Rochelle, they posted sentries to guard the carts, there was no theft no damage, this gathering in Dompierre had been formed by beating the general alarm and ringing the tocsin against the will of the local authority. As soon as I had passed, the multitude gathered in Dompierre headed for La Rochelle, the authority of this town was notified of it, they wanted to close the Royal gate, but the gathering from Dompierre arriving from one side and that of La Rochelle from the other forced the guard and this mass became threatening at the town hall, not a national guard was on foot, not a gendarme, not a company of the line, however the town commandant was having the posts reinforced, the general on various occasions had offered the mayor to put at his disposition 1,100 troops, all ready (they were confined to barracks) the deputy said he did not want to cause blood to be spilled. The rioters then had a great idea of their strength and began from 12 to around noon to go to the houses that passed for hoarders, at the house of Sieur Dutertre (by a man named Cormereau, with sticks (after having broken down the doors) they broke vials (he is a pharmacist) which caught fire instantly, they tore up his books, they cried fire, the fire engines arrived and there were no further consequences. They beat the general alarm. They went to the house of a man named L'évêque, they tore up all his books, broke and smashed several things. In the margin: They sent for infantry troops from St Jean d'Angély and Rochefort, and for cuirassiers from Niort. I was assured that they had posted that starting today bread would go down.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] From there to the house of a man named Fragneau, flour merchant near the big clock, they broke various things and tore up his books, it is also said that they went to Coniée's and Martin's. Some national guards having gathered, they were advised that the rioters were to go to the house of the deputy, Goud, east of the arsenal; fifteen national guards went there, hardly had they arrived when the rioters arrived, they trampled underfoot, so to speak, the national guards and broke down the doors, smashed the shutters, entered the house, tore the beds to pieces, smashed the armchairs, chairs, sofas, the mirrors, wardrobes and everything that fell into their hands, threw the linens and precious objects out the window, in short emptied in an instant one of the best furnished houses in the town, the loss is estimated at 40,000 f. They came to tell the deputy of his disaster and finally, crying it is said, he decided, at the instigation of a prefecture councillor, to sign a requisition for the general and the gendarmerie. The rioters having gone to the mayor's door and had begun to break down the doors when the line, gendarmerie and a portion of the national guard arrived, in an instant they were dispersed, General D'hautpoul said, it is reported, now I am in order (no more concessions), everything must be dispersed. Indeed in an instant they were pushed back in all directions, three volleys in the air were fired after the summons, it is said and it seems probable that a w[oman was] killed at her casement window on the second floor and a young man got a bullet in the side. The gates were closed, patrols circulated the rest of the day on Wednesday and the following night, it is said that 40 were arrested, that jewellery belonging to Madame Goud was found on some of them. It was claimed that on Thursday the rioters were heading in the number of 1,500 to Braud and towards Marans, it is also said that cavalry was being brought from Niort and Fontenay. That is all I can tell you. There has been no question of the slightest movement in my canton. Receive for you and your dear wife, my friend, the assurance of the sincere friendship of all my family Guigne [[notes]] Supplied reading: an ink blot obscures the middle of f[emme a été]; the sentence and visible letters make the supplied reading contextually secure. Terms: Accapareurs is translated as hoarders; la ligne refers to regular line infantry; la générale and le tocsin are alarm signals; sommations are formal orders to disperse before force is used.


Administrative notice from femme-mon roix / Madame Monroiy to Monsieur le Maire de Marseille, 1829-06-24

From Paris, Madame Monroiy asks the mayor of Marseille to help locate the hairdresser Monsieur Meunier and obtain news of her pregnant daughter, who travelled to join him with a twenty-nine-month-old child and has not written for two months.

Mairie de Marseille / Mayor of Marseille

Paris, France
Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France

Historical correspondence
Private collection
Administrative notice
French language

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000007 - Image 1: Address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations

Address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations.

NRA-L-000007 image 1 showing the address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations of Madame Monroiy's 1829 letter to the Mayor of Marseille.

NRA-L-000007 - Image 2: Letter text - Page 1

Letter text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000007 image 2 showing the first page of Madame Monroiy's letter from Paris, dated 24 June 1829.

NRA-L-000007 - Image 3: Letter text - Page 2 and supplementary address

Letter text - Page 2 and supplementary address.

NRA-L-000007 image 3 showing the second page and supplementary address of Madame Monroiy's 1829 letter.

[[label: Address Panel]] À Monsieur Monsieur le Maire de Marseille Marseille (Bouches du Rhône)

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] [pre?] Paris ce 24 juin 1829 Reçue le 30 juin Le 1er juillet ecrit CN 322/1 a Mr Silvestre [illegible] Monsieur Respondut le 4 juillet Je vous écritt pour vous priés cis c'estet une effet de votre bonté de vouloire bien me donner des nouvelles de Monsieur meunier qui est coiffeur dans votre endroitt voila un mois passé que je lui est écritt et ils ne m'a pas encorre fait de reponte a [blot] ma lettre ce qui me mett dans une grande inquetude veus que je le priés de me donner des nouvelles de ma fille qui est partis pour aller le rejoindre elle est partis avec une petite fille de 29 mois et elle est enciente elle atendas de joure en joure le moments d'acoucher de puis deux mois qu'ils est partis je ne revoitt aucune nouvelles nis de l'un nis de l'autre ainsi Monsieur je vous prie en grace de me faire reponte le plus tot possible de telle maniere que ce soit vous [abbligeres?] abbligeres Monsieur une mère qui est dans une grande inquetude veus que c'est lui qui la prié en grace d'aller le retrouvé vous ne sauriés croire la reconnoissance que je vous en aures. J'ai l'onheur d'étre avec Je vais vous mettre mon adresse respect et consideration votre Madame mon roiy rue des petits très humble et obeissante servante st Jean No 4 au gros caillou femme-mon roix C.l.s.p

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] Madame mon roiy Rue des petits st Jean No 4 au gros caillou a paris. Monsieur cis iestes une effet de faire paroître Monsieur d'assiy pour avoire les renseignement de Monsieur meunier voila la dresse de Monsieur d'assiy rue beau veau No 6.

[[label: Address Panel]] To Monsieur Monsieur the Mayor of Marseille Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône)

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Paris this 24 June 1829 Later official record CN 322/1 [Received 30 June. 1 July written to Mr Silvestre. Responded 4 July.] [illegible] Monsieur, I write to you to ask you if it is an act of your kindness to be willing to give me news of Monsieur meunier who is a hairdresser in your area. It has been over a month since I wrote to him and he has not yet replied to [blot] my letter, which puts me in great anxiety seeing that I asked him to give me news of my daughter who left to go join him. She left with a little girl of 29 months and she is pregnant; she expects from day to day the moment of giving birth. In the two months since they left I receive no news neither of the one nor of the other. Thus, Monsieur, I beg you earnestly to reply to me as soon as possible in whatever manner it may be. You will [oblige?] oblige, Monsieur, a mother who is in great anxiety seeing that it is he who begged her earnestly to go and find him. You would not believe the gratitude that I will have for you. I have the honour to be with respect and consideration your very humble and obedient servant, wife mon roix C.l.s.p [[notes]] Uncertain readings: Italicized bracketed text marks unresolved, obscured, or editorially supplied readings, including [pre?], [illegible], [blot], and [abbligeres?].

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] I am going to give you my address: Madame mon roiy, rue des petits st Jean No 4, at gros caillou, Paris. Monsieur if it is possible to summon Monsieur d'assiy to have information about Monsieur meunier here is the address of Monsieur d'assiy rue beau veau No 6. Exterior official instruction Ask Monsieur Silvestre to summon Monsieur d'Assy [...] [[notes]] Terms: Faire paroître is translated as to summon in this administrative context. Gros-Caillou is retained as the historical Paris place-name. The closing abbreviation C.l.s.p. remains unresolved and is preserved without expansion.


Administrative notice from Coutain to Madame Hüe de Grandrüe, 1806-08-13

Coutain reports the death of his child and his own illness, then updates Madame Hüe de Grandrüe on the favourable administrative opinion in the Couture heirs' case and other legal matters.

Lisieux, Calvados, France
Caen, Calvados, France

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000008 - Image 1: Address panel and exterior postal marks

Address panel and exterior postal marks.

NRA-L-000008 image 1 showing the address panel and exterior postal marks of Coutain's 1806 letter to Madame Hue de Grandrue in Caen.

NRA-L-000008 - Image 2: Letter text - Page 1

Letter text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000008 image 2 showing the first page of Coutain's letter from Lisieux, dated 13 August 1806.

NRA-L-000008 - Image 3: Letter text - Page 2 and signature

Letter text - Page 2 and signature.

NRA-L-000008 image 3 showing the second page and signature of Coutain's 1806 letter concerning the Couture heirs' affair.

[[label: Address Panel]] A Madame Madame Hüe de Grandrüe rue de la fermeté N°. 85. a Caën Dept. du Calvados

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Lisieux le 13. aout 1806. Madame J'aurois repondu plutot aux lettres que vous m'avez fait l'honneur de m'ecrire si je n'en avois été empéché par un evenement cruel qui m'est arrivé et a la suite duquel j'ai essuyé une maladie qui m'a retenu au lit pendant plusieurs jours, j'ai eu le malheur de perdre un de mes enfants auquel j'etois fort attaché, il est mort de la maladie au ventre après avoir eprouvé des convulsions terribles, cet evenement m'a beaucoup affecté et alteré singulierement ma santé, je comptois bien avoir l'avantage de vous ecrire il y a plusieurs jours, mais j'attendois pour le faire que le Receveur de l'Enreg.t eut mis son avis sur les pieces des heritiers Couture qui lui etoient envoyées depuis long temps par Mr. le Tourneur son Directeur, malgré les instances que j'ai faites et fait faire je n'ai pu parvenir a lui faire donner son avis que hier, il me l'a fait voir et il est a l'avantage des heritiers Couture, il l'a joint aux pieces dont il a fait un paquet a l'adresse de Mr. le Tourneur il m'a remis ce paquet que j'ai fait mettre ce jour d'hui a la poste, il parviendra demain a Mr. le Tourneur vous pouvez donc, Madame, voir Mr. le Tourneur au recu

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] de la presente et l'engager de renvoyer de suite au Conseil de Prefecture toutes les pieces, il est très probable que d'après l'avis du Receveur de l'Enreg.t on obtiendra une prompte decision en faveur des heritiers Couture, Je vous supplie, Madame, de continuer vos soins pour amener la fin de cette maudite - affaire, J'ai recu la lettre de Mad.e De Cabre votre amie que vous avez eu la complaisance de me faire passer, je lui ai ecrit pour l'assurer que je me chargerai avec plaisir de son affaire, elle m'a fait l'honneur de me repondre qu'elle me feroit passer [overwritten word] papiers incessamment, il suffit que cette Dame soit de votre connoissance et que vous vous y interessiez, pour que je mette le plus grand soin et le plus grand zele a suivre son affaire, M.r de Frondeville ne m'a point encore repondu relativement a l'affaire de Mad.e des Pommarez, je vais lui en ecrire de nouveau - Recevez les nouvelles assurances du devouement le plus respectueux avec lequel j'ai l'honneur d'etre Madame Votre très humble et obeissant serviteur Coutain

[[label: Address Panel]] To Madame Madame Hüe de Grandrüe, rue de la fermeté No. 85. in Caen Dept. of Calvados

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Lisieux, 13 August 1806. Madame, I would have replied sooner to the letters you did me the honour of writing to me, had I not been prevented by a cruel event that befell me, following which I suffered an illness that kept me in bed for several days. I had the misfortune of losing one of my children to whom I was deeply attached; the child died of a stomach illness after experiencing terrible convulsions. This event has greatly affected me and singularly altered my health. I fully intended to have the advantage of writing to you several days ago, but I was waiting to do so until the Receiver of Registration had appended his opinion to the documents of the Couture heirs, which had been sent to him a long time ago by Mr le Tourneur, his Director. Despite the entreaties I made and had made, I was unable to get him to give his opinion until yesterday. He showed it to me, and it is to the advantage of the Couture heirs. He attached it to the documents, which he made into a parcel addressed to Mr le Tourneur. He handed this parcel to me, which I had put in the post today; it will reach Mr le Tourneur tomorrow. [[notes]] Terms: Receveur de l'Enregistrement is translated as Receiver of Registration, and Conseil de Préfecture as Prefecture Council. Maladie au ventre is translated literally as stomach illness because it is a broad historical medical description.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] You may therefore, Madame, see Mr le Tourneur upon receipt of this letter and urge him to forward all the documents immediately to the Prefecture Council. It is highly probable that, based on the opinion of the Receiver of Registration, a prompt decision will be obtained in favour of the Couture heirs. I beg you, Madame, to continue your efforts to bring an end to this cursed affair. I received the letter from Mme de Cabre, your friend, which you had the kindness to pass on to me. I wrote to her to assure her that I will gladly take charge of her affair. She did me the honour of replying that she would send me papers shortly. It is enough that this Lady is an acquaintance of yours and that you take an interest in her, for me to apply the greatest care and the greatest zeal in following her affair. Mr de Frondeville has not yet replied to me regarding the affair of Mme des Pommarez; I am going to write to him again. Please accept the renewed assurances of the most respectful devotion with which I have the honour to be, Madame, your very humble and obedient servant, Coutain [[notes]] The word before `papiers` is overwritten and is not securely legible.


Letter from Pichot to his parents, addressed through Monsieur Murat, undated

French letter from Pichot of the 3rd Colonial Battalion to his father and mother. The exterior is addressed to Monsieur Murat in Paris, while the writer asks that the reply be sent through Sister Rose at the military hospital on Île de Ré for delivery to him.

undated; dated only as day 3; year unknown

Pichot's father and mother [textual addressees]

Sister Rose at the military hospital on Île de Ré [return/care-of intermediary]

Saint-Martin-de-Ré, Île de Ré, France
Paris, France

Historical correspondence
Private collection
Military or service document
French language

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000009 - Image 1: Address panel and postal marks

Address panel and postal marks.

NRA-L-000009 image 1 showing the address panel and postal marks for Pichot's letter to Monsieur Murat in Paris.

NRA-L-000009 - Image 2: Letter text and marginal date

Letter text and marginal date.

NRA-L-000009 image 2 showing Pichot's letter from the military hospital at Saint-Martin-de-Re, with the marginal date strip.

[[label: Address Panel]] A Mosieur Mosieur Murat [des?] Demeurant Rue de La Mortellerie Sur le Mero 59 2e etage pres la rue goflanier A paris

[[label: Letter Text]] Peut que vous pourés Sela Me Soulagera Bien ~ pour Manouritur Car la Nouritur que Noun ~ Mangeon Nés pas tros Noun ri Sante pour noun geSui du 3-em Batalioun Colonialle Signé pichot Je finis A Vous anbrasante de toun Mon ~ Coeur Mon Cher pére et Ma Cher Mere in Sit Que Ma Cousin et le jénome qui et Ce Noun in Sit que toun les Voisin Signé pichot Vous adre Serés la lettre Si vous plise à la Seure rosse de l'opital militer de l' isle de ré St martin pour remettre a pichot Je Vous prié + au grace de Mefere réponse de + Mon pere Suit Si vous plise Marginal note: Daté du 3 de l'isle de ré St martin

[[label: Address Panel]] To Monsieur Murat Residing on Rue de la Mortellerie At No. 59, second floor Near Rue Geoffroy-l'Asnier Paris

[[label: Letter Text]] Perhaps you will be able to. That will relieve me greatly for my nourishment, because the food that we eat is not very nourishing for us. I am in the 3rd Colonial Battalion. Signed Pichot. I finish by embracing you with all my heart, my dear father and my dear mother, as well as my cousin and the young man who is at our place, as well as all the neighbours. Signed Pichot. You will address the letter, if you please, to Sister Rose at the military hospital in Saint-Martin on the Île de Ré, to deliver to Pichot. I beg you, my father, for mercy's sake, to give me an answer straight away, if you please. Saint-Martin on the Île de Ré, the 3rd. [[notes]] Marginal date: The separate vertical strip reads Daté du 3 de l'isle de ré St martin.

Recipient roles are separated from the image-checked public text: the parents are the textual addressees, Monsieur Murat is the postal addressee, and Sister Rose is the return/care-of intermediary. The manuscript supplies only day 3 and no secure month or year.


Administrative notice from Le Blanc de Mauvesin to Monsieur le Préfet, 1837-02-28

Le Blanc de Mauvesin tells the prefect that he will abandon his request for a cemetery concession at Mazières unless Port-Sainte-Marie accepts his offer of 100 francs to the commune and 200 francs for the poor, explaining that he wishes to memorialize Mr de Laboyrie.

Clément-Hippolyte Le Blanc de Mauvesin / Leblanc de Mauvezin

Prefect (unidentified; competent administrative authority to verify)

likely competent authority for Port-Sainte-Marie/Mazières, to verify

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000010 - Image 1: Address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations

NRA-L-000010 image 1 showing the address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations of Le Blanc de Mauvesin's 1837 letter to the Prefect of Lot-et-Garonne.

NRA-L-000010 - Image 2: Letter text - Page 1, ending at the manuscript page division

Letter text - Page 1, ending at the manuscript page division.

NRA-L-000010 image 2 showing the first page of Le Blanc de Mauvesin's letter concerning a cemetery concession for the Laboyrie grave.

NRA-L-000010 - Image 3: Letter text - Page 2 and signature

Letter text - Page 2 and signature.

NRA-L-000010 image 3 showing the second page, closing and signature of Le Blanc de Mauvesin's 1837 letter.

[[label: Address Panel]] Monsieur le Préfet du Département de Lot et Garonne a Agen

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Monsieur le Préfet Lorsque l'an dernier je demandai la concession d'un morceau de terrain dans le cimetière de la succursale de Mazières, commune du Port Ste Marie, je pensai que les charités & les largesses devaient avoir des bornes. Plus tard j'eu la satisfaction de voir que vous trouviez équitables celles que je m'étais imposées & la lettre du 22 de ce mois que vous m'avez fait l'honneur de m'écrire m'apprend que le ministre de l'intérieur lui même partage votre opinion à cet égard. Je dois donc regretter Monsieur le Préfet que la tutelle légale de l'autorité supérieure aie cru devoir abandonner au conseil municipal du Port Ste Marie la discrétion mal entendue de ses intérêts, dans cette affaire; car fort de la justice de mes offres, je ne suis pas plus disposé à adhérer à la nouvelle demande de cinq cent francs que je ne l'ai fait lors qu'il s'agissait de mille francs. J'ai donc l'honneur de vous informer Monsieur que si d'ici au premier Avril prochain le conseil municipal du Port Ste Marie mieux avisé n'accepte pas l'offre que j'ai faite & que je réitère ici de me faire la concession demandée moyennant cent francs pour la commune & deux cent francs pour les pauvres, je renonce absolument à la satisfaction d'élever, sur sa tombe, un modeste & respectueux sou= =venir de Mr de Laboyrie. Je me contenterai alors de profiter de la

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] faculté que me laisse le Décret sur les cimetières en y fesant placer une pierre tumulaire qui pourra y rester dix ans. C'est avec peine que je vois l'administration du Port Ste Marie repousser une ressource, faible il est vrai, avec laquelle elle aurait pu subvenir à la dépense obligée de reparation de la cloture du cimetière de sa succursale de Mazières dont l'état de délabrement réclame des travaux qui préservent les cendres des morts des profanations auxquelles elles sont incessament exposées. J'ai l'honneur d'être Monsieur le Préfet votre très humble & très obéissant serviteur Bordeaux 28 fevrier 1837 Le Blanc de Mauvesin

[[label: Address Panel]] To the Prefect of the Department of Lot-et-Garonne in Agen

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Monsieur le Préfet, When last year I requested the concession of a piece of land in the cemetery of the succursale of Mazières, commune of Port-Sainte-Marie, I thought that charities and largesses ought to have limits. Later I had the satisfaction of seeing that you found equitable those which I had imposed upon myself, and the letter of the 22nd of this month which you did me the honor of writing to me informs me that the Minister of the Interior himself shares your opinion in this regard. I must therefore regret, Monsieur le Préfet, that the legal tutelage of the superior authority believed it had to abandon to the municipal council of Port-Sainte-Marie the misguided discretion over its interests in this matter; for, confident in the justice of my offers, I am no more disposed to adhere to the new demand of five hundred francs than I was when it was a question of a thousand francs. I therefore have the honor of informing you, Monsieur, that if between now and the first of April next, the municipal council of Port-Sainte-Marie, better advised, does not accept the offer I have made and which I reiterate here, to grant me the requested concession in exchange for one hundred francs for the commune and two hundred francs for the poor, I absolutely renounce the satisfaction of raising, upon his tomb, a modest and respectful memorial to Mr de Laboyrie. I shall then content myself with taking advantage of the

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] faculty left to me by the Decree on cemeteries by having a tombstone placed there which may remain for ten years. It is with sorrow that I see the administration of Port-Sainte-Marie reject a resource, small it is true, with which it could have provided for the obligatory expense of repairing the enclosure of the cemetery of its succursale of Mazières, the dilapidated state of which demands works that would preserve the ashes of the dead from the profanations to which they are incessantly exposed. I have the honor to be, Monsieur le Préfet, your very humble and very obedient servant, Bordeaux, 28 February 1837 Le Blanc de Mauvesin [[notes]] Terms: Succursale denotes a subsidiary parish church or chapel of ease. Tutelle légale refers to higher administrative supervision, and pierre tumulaire is translated as tombstone.

A burial request and a family connection


Letter from Christine to Félicité Palaud, 1829-12-01

French letter from Christine in the Visitation convent at Limoges to Félicité Palaud. Christine describes convent life, relatives and acquaintances, and adds further messages in the margins and on the address side.

Étagnac, near Chabanais, Charente, France

Historical correspondence
Private collection
Letter
French language

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000011 - Image 1: Address panel and postal marks

Address panel and postal marks.

NRA-L-000011 image 1 showing the address panel and postal marks for Christine's 1829 letter to Mademoiselle Felicite Pacaud in Charente.

NRA-L-000011 - Image 2: Letter text - Page 1

Letter text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000011 image 2 showing the first page of Christine's letter from Limoges, dated 1 December 1829.

NRA-L-000011 - Image 3: Letter text - Page 2

Letter text - Page 2.

NRA-L-000011 image 3 showing the second page of Christine's letter, with marginal writing.

NRA-L-000011 - Image 4: Letter text - Page 3 and signature

Letter text - Page 3 and signature.

NRA-L-000011 image 4 showing the final page and signature of Christine's letter.

[[label: Address Panel]] A Mademoiselle Mademoiselle félicité palaud chez Mr Lecler a Etagnac près et par chabanais Charente

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Limoges ce 1 Xbre 1829 Ma chère félicite si je ne tai pas plutot ecrit ce point oubli de ma part mais c'est que Je ne savois pas ou tu etois si tu etois à étagnac ou a cherounac je suis arrivée depuis Le 17 7bre à Limoges je couchai à St junien je te dirai que chez Mr palaud me firent Beaucoup d'amitié et vinrent presque tous à la voiture et me recommanderent au voiturier comme si j'avois été leur fille Mme palaud me porta un gros morceau de sucre lorsque je fus dans la voiture elle me dit que cela fesait passer la soif je l'acceptai de bon cœur puis elle me donna l'adresse d'annette qui est mariée avec Monsieur Duriveau un bien joli garçon il est venu me voir parceque son beaupere lui avoit dit que j'etois ici et il me fait dire toute les fois qu'il vient il me dit toujours cousine voulez vous que je casse les grilles je vous ferai sortir Ma chere amie je te dirai que j'ai bien eu du Bonheur d'avoir la place que j'ai je me trouve dans un

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] Couvent où il y beaucoup de [pe?] religieuses de nos endroits que je ne connois pas mais nous parlons de personnes que nous connoissons et je suis bien contente de pouvoir parler de personnes que je connois car je me serois bien trop ennuyees si je navois pu parler de personnes il y a la sœur delfine qui est une demoiselle Bernard de st junien qui est bien bonne enfant elle me parle d'etagnac et elle me dit qu'elle y a été très souvent du temps de son oncle l'ancien curé enfin ma chère elle sont toutes aimables elle sont au nombre de trente-six deux novice et trois postulante Madame la supérieure se trouve la nièce de madame mousnier suisson elle est [tr?] charmante elle est très douce aimable complaisante enfin elle a toutes les qualités requises elle me fait beaucoup d'amitié je l'aime autant qu'on peut aimer la plus respectable personne elle me dit toujours je desire bien vous garder avec nous et moi qui lui témoigne toute mon envie de rester auprès d'elle elle est d'une beauté rare elle n'a que trente ans je voudrois bien y rester mais la sœur vouvé m'a ecrit deux fois et elle desirait bien que j'aille avec elle l'on est toujours mieux auprès d'une cousine qu'avec des étrangères d'autant mieux qu'on sort dans son ordre au lieu qu'ici on ne sort jamais plus lorsque on a prononcé ses vœux annette palaud vient tous les dimanches me voir elle voudroit bien me laisser sortir mais ce n'est guere possible on ne me confie pas à tous je suis sortie une fois avec elle

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] je Suis traitée ici comme une religieuse je ne vo[is] presque pas que pour aller voir mme debrette qu[i] est bien aimable elle prends beaucoup d'interêt a m[oi] elle desire bien que je me fasse religieuse aussi je trouve que cette pensée est bien louable car ma bonne amie que peux-je faire dans le monde ne serais je pas cent fois mieux dembrasser cet etat qui est fort honorable et ou on est bien mieux vu de dieu. je te dirai que je fus fort étonnée lorsque la portiere vint me dire que Mr leclere me demanda[it] au parloir je fus très contente de le voir au travers la grille car on ne voulut pas m'ouvrir la porte pour embrasser mon cousin aussi tu vois ma chere que je nai pas de risque d'aller courir les rues et je n'en suis p[as fâ]chée car je n'ai pas envie de sortir d'ici. tout ce qui me contrarie c'est qu'il faut se lever a cinq heures du matin hiver et été mais mme la superieure m'envoye tous les matins une soeur converse dans ma chambre qui m'apporte de la lumiere ensuite il faut se confesser très souvent j'ai pour directeur un chanoine de monseigneur qui est tout jeune il est bien sévère il m'a fait faire une confession generalle je t'assure qu'il m'a bien fait enrager je n'etais pas assez instruite sur ma religion il faut que j'etudie tous les jours toutes sortes de livres de pieté adieu je t'embrasse Christine Mon adresse est a christine au couvent de la visitation de ste marie près de pont st etienne a limoges je te dirai que depuis que je suis ici mes parens viennent mieux me voir qu'ils ne fesoit à étagnac car je t'assure que je suis fort étonnée [...]

[[label: Address-side Continuation]] La Soeur vouvé ma donne ladresse de mon frère qui est caporal mais mon cousin me dit qu'il etoit Sergent fourrier donne moi je te prie ton adresse le plutot possible

[[label: Address Panel]] To Mademoiselle Mademoiselle Félicité Palaud Care of Mr Lecler, at Étagnac Near and via Chabanais Charente

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Limoges, this 1st of December 1829 My dear Félicité, if I have not written to you sooner, it is not at all an oversight on my part, but because I did not know where you were, whether you were in Étagnac or in Chéronnac. I arrived in Limoges on the 17th of September; I slept in Saint-Junien. I will tell you that at Monsieur Palaud's they showed me much friendship and almost all came to the carriage and recommended me to the driver as if I had been their daughter. Madame Palaud brought me a large piece of sugar when I was in the carriage; she told me that it made the thirst go away. I accepted it gladly. Then she gave me the address of Annette, who is married to Monsieur Duriveau, a very handsome young man. He came to see me because his father-in-law had told him I was here, and he sends word to me every time he comes; he always says to me: "Cousin, do you want me to break the grilles? I will get you out."

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] My dear friend, I will tell you that I have been very lucky to have the place I have. I find myself in a convent where there are many religious from our parts whom I do not know, but we speak of people we know, and I am very glad to be able to speak of people I know, for I would have been far too bored if I had not been able to speak of people. There is Sister Delfine, who is a Mademoiselle Bernard from Saint-Junien, who is a very good girl; she speaks to me of Étagnac and tells me she was there very often in the time of her uncle, the former parish priest. In short, my dear, they are all amiable; they are thirty-six in number, two novices and three postulants. Madame the Superior happens to be the niece of Madame Mousnier Suisson; she is charming, she is very gentle, amiable, obliging; in short, she has all the requisite qualities. She shows me much friendship; I love her as much as one can love the most respectable person. She always says to me: "I very much desire to keep you with us," and I show her all my desire to stay with her. She is of rare beauty; she is only thirty years old. I would very much like to stay here, but Sister Vouvé has written to me twice, and she very much desired that I go with her. One is always better off with a cousin than with strangers, all the more so since one goes out in her order, whereas here one never goes out again once one has pronounced one's vows. Annette Palaud comes to see me every Sunday. She would very much like to let me go out, but it is hardly possible; they do not entrust me to just anyone. I went out with her once.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 3]] I am treated here like a religious; I see almost no one except to go see Madame Debrette, who is very amiable. She takes a great interest in me; she very much desires that I become a religious too. I find that this thought is very praiseworthy, for, my good friend, what can I do in the world? Would I not be a hundred times better off embracing this state, which is highly honourable and where one is much better seen by God? I will tell you that I was very surprised when the portress came to tell me that Monsieur Leclere was asking for me at the parlour. I was very glad to see him through the grille, for they would not open the door for me to embrace my cousin. So you see, my dear, that I run no risk of going running the streets, and I am not sorry about it, for I have no desire to leave here. All that vexes me is that one must get up at five o'clock in the morning, winter and summer; but Madame the Superior sends a lay sister to my room every morning, who brings me a light. Then one must confess very often. I have for a director one of the bishop's canons who is quite young; he is very strict. He made me make a general confession; I assure you he really infuriated me. I was not instructed enough in my religion; I must study all sorts of books of piety every day. Farewell, I embrace you. Christine My address is Christine at the convent of the Visitation of Sainte-Marie near Pont Saint-Étienne in Limoges. I will tell you that since I have been here, my relatives come to see me more often than they did in Étagnac, for I assure you that I am very surprised [...]

[[label: Address-side Continuation]] Sister Vouvé gave me my brother's address. He is a corporal, but my cousin tells me that he was a quartermaster sergeant. Please give me your address as soon as possible.

Image re-review supports Félicité Palaud consistently on the address panel and in the letter. Chéronnac and Duriveau are also supported. The final words of one marginal continuation remain damaged and are marked as a lacuna.


Letter from Belot to Monsieur Roget, Greffier en chef de la Cour Royale de Metz, 1826-05-24

French legal letter from Belot to Roget, chief clerk of the Royal Court of Metz, explaining time limits for appeals in cassation. Metz is retained as the single place entity; its role as the inferred place of origin is stated separately.

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000012 - Image 1: Address panel, postal marks and address-side date

Address panel, postal marks and address-side date.

NRA-L-000012 image 1 showing the address panel, postal marks and address-side date for Belot's letter to Monsieur Roget, Chief Clerk of the Royal Court of Metz.

NRA-L-000012 - Image 2: Letter text - Page 1

Letter text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000012 image 2 showing the first page of Belot's letter from Metz, dated 24 May 1826, concerning time limits for appeal in cassation.

NRA-L-000012 - Image 3: Letter text - Page 2 and signature

Letter text - Page 2 and signature.

NRA-L-000012 image 3 showing the second and final page, closing and signature of Belot's letter from Metz, dated 24 May 1826.

[[label: Address Panel]] Monsieur Monsieur Roget, Greffier en chef de la Cour Royale de Metz

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Mon cher Monsieur Roget Les délais pour se pourvoir en cassation en matière civile sont : Pour les habitans de la france continentale, le délai est de trois mois (art. 14. loi du 27 novembre 1790) hors du continent le délai est de six mois, pour la Corse ; d'un an pour les colonies occidentales, et de deux ans pour les colonies orientales (art. 12. tit. 14. 1ère partie règlement de 1738. = loi du 11. fevrier 1793) Dans la supputation des délais on ne compte ni le jour de la signification, ni les jours complémentaires, ni le jour du pourvoi . (art. 1er loi du 1er frimaire an 2.) Ces délais courent pour les majeurs, à dater du jour de la signification, qui leur est faite à personne ou domicile (art. 14, lois des 27. novembre et 1er Xbre 1790.)

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] quant aux mineurs le délai ne courait autrefois que du jour de la signification à eux faite depuis qu'ils avaient atteint la majorité (art. 13 tit. 4 1ère partie règlement de 1738.) mais aujourd'hui le délai court de même contre les mineurs, les communes et l'état. Ce règlement de 1738 a été modifié par la loi du 27. novembre 1790. Le délai ne court pas contre les gens de mer, ni contre les citoyens absens pour le service public, ni contre les défenseurs de la patrie, en activité de service, durant l'état de guerre (loi du 2. 7bre 1793 = art. 2. loi du 6 brumaire an 5) ni contre les habitans de pays insurgés ou occupés par l'ennemi (loi du 28 frimaire an 2.) à défaut de signification régulière, le pourvoi est toujours recevable, aucun délai n'a pu courir. Ainsi vous voyez, mon cher monsieur Roget, que vous êtes grandement à temps de vous pourvoir contre une décision aussi mal rendue votre très humble et tout dévoué ce 24 mai 1826. serviteur Belot

[[label: Address Panel]] To Monsieur Roget Chief Clerk of the Royal Court of Metz

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] My dear Monsieur Roget, The time limits to appeal in cassation in civil matters are: For the inhabitants of continental France, the time limit is three months (art. 14. law of 27 November 1790) outside the continent the time limit is six months, for Corsica; one year for the western colonies, and two years for the eastern colonies (art. 12. tit. 14. 1st part regulation of 1738. = law of 11 February 1793) In the computation of the time limits, neither the day of service, nor the complementary days, nor the day of the appeal are counted. (art. 1 law of 1 Frimaire Year 2.) These time limits run for adults, starting from the day of service, which is made to them in person or at their domicile (art. 14, laws of 27 November and 1 December 1790.) [[notes]] Legal terminology: Pourvoi en cassation is translated as appeal in cassation, and signification as formal service. Frimaire and Brumaire are months of the French Republican calendar and are retained in the cited legal dates.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] as for minors the time limit formerly only ran from the day of service made to them after they had reached majority (art. 13 tit. 4 1st part regulation of 1738.) but today the time limit runs in the same way against minors, municipalities and the state. This regulation of 1738 was modified by the law of 27 November 1790. The time limit does not run against seafarers, nor against citizens absent because of public service, nor against defenders of the fatherland, on active duty, during a state of war (law of 2 September 1793 = art. 2. law of 6 Brumaire Year 5) nor against the inhabitants of insurgent countries or those occupied by the enemy (law of 28 Frimaire Year 2.) in the absence of regular service, the appeal is always admissible, no time limit could have run. Thus you see, my dear Monsieur Roget, that you are well within time to appeal against a decision so badly rendered your very humble and entirely devoted servant Belot this 24 May 1826.

Metz is the only supported place entity in the current record. Its role as place sent from is inferred from the addressee and court context because the letter has no place dateline; the inference is not encoded as a second place name.

Time limits for cassation in Belot's memorandum


Letter from Flavie Duval to Monsieur Noguès Jeune, avoué, 1810-05-28

Flavie Duval disputes the fees and conduct of the avoué Noguès Jeune in an inheritance partition, cites Article 823 of the Code Napoléon, and asks that his bill be reduced to a fair amount.

Noguès Jeune / Nogues jeune, avoué in Redon

Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine, France
Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine, France

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000013 - Image 1: Address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations

NRA-L-000013 image 1 showing the address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations for Flavie Duval's letter to Monsieur Noguès Jeune, avoué, in Redon.

NRA-L-000013 - Image 2: Letter text - Page 1

Letter text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000013 image 2 showing the first page of Flavie Duval's letter from Rennes, dated 28 May 1810, concerning legal costs in a partition proceeding.

NRA-L-000013 - Image 3: Letter text - Page 2

Letter text - Page 2.

NRA-L-000013 image 3 showing the second page of Flavie Duval's letter concerning legal costs and her avoué's conduct.

NRA-L-000013 - Image 4: Closing and signature

Closing and signature.

NRA-L-000013 image 4 showing the independently legible closing and signature, Flavie Duval.

[[label: Address Panel]] Monsieur Monsieur Nogues Jeune Avoué Grand Rue à Redon

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Rennes le 28 Mai 1810 Monsieur. Vos lettres en datte des 1er Mars, 26 avril, 15 mai, 24 mai et autres, me sont toutes parvenues. Vous aurez été surpris de ne pas recevoir de réponse de ma part. Mais vous ayant fait connoître moi- -même ma position pendant que j'étois à mes vendanges, cette espece de production ayant totalement manqué aussi bien que mes prairies, et la peine qu'on a à être payée des fermiers, vous seroit facile- -ment juger que je puis être à court d'argent. ainsi, n'ayant pu et ne pouvant vous en donner, ou du moins, ce ne seroit qu'un très foible acompte relativement à votre mémoire, j'ai autant aimé garder le silence que de vous donner des réponses qui ne vous eussent point satisfaites. En vous accordant ma confiance dans cette instance, je m'imaginai que vous eussiez pris pour regle l'art. 823 du code Napoléon, qui dit qu'en matiere de partage tout doit être traitté sommairement; d'après cet art. vous n'avez pu sans y contrevenir fournir des écritures aux quelles mes co-partageantes seroient fondées à refuser de concourir au payement et cependant tous les frais de partage doivent être repartis entre les successibles en raison du droit d'un chacun. Il suit de l'art. 823 que les requêtes, et incidens qu'il vous a plût de fournir en mon nom, sont des frais frustratoires. Il est sans exemple, que dans une instance de partage et avant la consommation, avant l'expertise, avant le reglement des comptes, les frais d'une seule partie s'élevent à près de cinq cens francs. Deux procédés m'ont été sur tout extremement sensibles 1° l'im- -putation que vous avez faite, d'une partie de la somme de 150 tt que je vous ai compté, sur un objet étranger à ma cause, j'entends parler des dépens que vous reclamez pour les frais faits dans le procès de ma mere. Vous deviez vous rappeller, Monsieur, que quand vous m'en parlates, je vous témoignai que je n'en ferais pas de pres- -cription, mais je ne vous autorisai point à faire cette imputation. Il étoit naturel que je visse terminer un procès ruineux. Si vous ne m'eussiez pas traitté avec le peu de considération que vous faites, je n'aurois pas été difficile sur cet examen.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] 2° Peut il y avoir rien de plus outrageant pour moi, que vous me mandiez que vous refuserez aux experts les titres dont ils pourront avoir besoin. On ne peut qu'en déduire que vous vous etes imaginé que je prendrais le prétexte pour les enlever de vos possessions. de tels procédés me sont inconnus. Ne suis-je pas bien autorisée à penser maintenant, que la lettre confidentielle que vous avez remis au président n'a été laissée parmi mes pièces à produire, qu'afin de l'indisposer contre moi, mais cependant s'il règle votre mémoire, j'espère assez de sa justice pour qu'il le réduise à sa juste valeur. Vous me direz sans doute relativement aux écrits, que vous avez produits, que je vous mandais dans mes lettres de prendre tout l'interet possible à cette affaire, certes je vous en ai prié instamment et je crois que c'est une formule de stile bien inutile envers une personne qui exerce un état qui demande tant de délicatesse, de confiance et surtout de soins. Il est un autre art. auquel je ne puis rien dire, puisque le tarif vous l'accorde, c'est celui de la correspondance. Vous conviendrez qu'il est un peu exorbitant, ainsi il est de toute équité, que si vous profitez des avantages que la loi vous accorde, j'en fasse autant de mon coté, il ne serait pas juste que vous jouissiez de tous les avantages, sans que je puisse en faire autant du mien. Ainsi, dans l'art. de la correspondance, je crois que vous serez suffisamment payé des requêtes, de l'incident, du bureau de paix, et des droits de consultations. Vous me direz peut être que je vous promis de vous payer votre présence au bureau de paix, je m'en rappelle fort bien, mais comme tout ce que la loi vous accorde est augmenté dans votre mémoire, je crois que vous ne pourrez m'accuser d'injustice. Je tiens toujours à ma parole quand on ne m'oblige pas à y manquer. Sans doute, Monsieur, cette lettre ne vous sera pas agréable, mais j'ai été bien patiente. J'ai consulté votre mémoire et on le réduit beaucoup. Je suis bien faché, Monsieur, d'en etre venu à une pareille extrémité. Vous me dites dans une de vos lettres, qu'il parait que mon dessein est de laisser là le partage, je vous demande si dans ma position vous vous ralentireriez, c'est une vaine excuse que vous apporté pour pallier la démarche que vous avez faite de vous démettre volon= tairement de mon affaire. A peine le partage en est-il à la moitié, et vous voudriez faire entendre que je vous ai remercié. Je crois que les biens qui sont sous vos yeux, dans votre ville, et aux environs, dont il m'en reviendra un tiers étaient bien capables de vous rassurer sur ce que je vous devais. De bons jurisconsultes à qui j'ai fait part de vos lettres et de vos mémoires, n'ont jamais pu s'imaginer qu'un tel procédé fut d'un avoué.

[[label: Closing and Signature]] J'ai l'honneur de vous Saluer Flavie Duval

[[label: Address Panel]] To Monsieur Nogues Jeune Avoué, Grand Rue Redon

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] Rennes, 28 May 1810 Sir, Your letters dated 1 March, 26 April, 15 May, 24 May and others, have all reached me. You will have been surprised not to receive a reply from me. But having made my situation known to you myself while I was at my grape harvest, this type of production having completely failed as well as the yield from my meadows, and the difficulty one has in getting paid by the tenant farmers, it would be easy for you to judge that I might be short of money. Thus, having been unable and being unable to give you any, or at least, it would only be a very weak instalment relative to your bill, I preferred to keep silent rather than give you answers that would not have satisfied you at all. In granting you my trust in this proceeding, I imagined that you would have taken as a rule Article 823 of the Code Napoléon, which states that in matters of partition everything must be treated summarily; according to this article, you could not, without contravening it, provide written pleadings for which my co-heirs would be justified in refusing to contribute to the payment, and yet all partition costs must be distributed among the heirs in proportion to each one's right. It follows from Article 823 that the petitions and incidents that it pleased you to provide in my name are unnecessary costs. It is unprecedented that in a partition proceeding and before the consummation, before the expert appraisal, before the settlement of accounts, the costs of a single party rise to nearly five hundred francs. Two actions have been especially extremely painful to me: 1st, the imputation you made of a part of the sum of 150 livres tournois that I paid you, to an object foreign to my case; I mean the expenses you claim for the costs incurred in my mother's lawsuit. You should have remembered, Sir, that when you spoke to me about it, I testified to you that I would not invoke the statute of limitations on it, but I did not authorise you at all to make this imputation. It was natural that I should see a ruinous lawsuit concluded. If you had not treated me with the little consideration that you do, I would not have been difficult about this examination. [[notes]] Legal terms: Avoué, mémoire, co-partageantes, frais frustratoires, bureau de paix, and jurisconsultes are retained in French because they carry specific legal or institutional meanings. Currency: The abbreviation 150 tt probably denotes livres tournois, although the manuscript symbol remains somewhat uncertain.

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] 2nd, Can there be anything more outrageous for me than your informing me that you will refuse the experts the title deeds they might need. One can only deduce from this that you imagined I would use the pretext to remove them from your possession. Such actions are unknown to me. Am I not well authorised to think now that the confidential letter you handed to the president was left among my exhibits to be produced only in order to turn him against me; but nevertheless, if he settles your bill, I hope enough from his justice that he will reduce it to its fair value. You will doubtless tell me, regarding the writings you have produced, that I instructed you in my letters to take every possible interest in this affair; certainly I earnestly requested this of you, and I believe it is a very useless stylistic formula towards a person who exercises a profession that demands so much delicacy, trust, and above all, care. There is another item to which I can say nothing, since the tariff grants it to you, which is that of correspondence. You will agree that it is a bit exorbitant, thus it is entirely equitable that if you take advantage of the benefits the law grants you, I should do the same on my side; it would not be fair for you to enjoy all the advantages without my being able to do the same on mine. Thus, in the item of correspondence, I believe you will be sufficiently paid for the petitions, the incident, the bureau de paix, and the consultation fees. You will perhaps tell me that I promised to pay you for your presence at the bureau de paix; I remember it very well, but since everything the law grants you is increased in your bill, I believe you will not be able to accuse me of injustice. I always keep my word when I am not forced to break it. Doubtless, Sir, this letter will not be pleasant to you, but I have been very patient. I have taken advice on your bill and it is being reduced a great deal. I am very sorry, Sir, to have come to such an extremity. You tell me in one of your letters that it seems my intention is to abandon the partition there; I ask you if in my position you would slow down; it is a vain excuse you bring to palliate the step you took to voluntarily resign from my case. The partition is barely halfway done, and you would like to make it understood that I dismissed you. I believe that the properties that are before your eyes, in your town, and in the surroundings, of which a third will come to me, were quite capable of reassuring you about what I owed you. Good jurisconsults with whom I shared your letters and your bills could never imagine that such conduct was that of an avoué.

[[label: Closing and Signature]] I have the honour to greet you, Flavie Duval

Partition costs, procedure and Article 823


Family letter from Mary Sophia Coates to Thos Lane Esq / Solicitor, 1826-04-19

Mary Sophia Coates asks solicitor Thomas Lane for news of her children and says she will visit his office, insisting that she is willing to follow them to France or live near them in England.

Newport, Isle of Wight?, England, United Kingdom

Historical correspondence
Private collection
Family letter
English language

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000014 - Image 1: Address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations

NRA-L-000014 image 1 showing the address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations for Mary Sophia Coates's letter to Thomas Lane, solicitor, in London.

NRA-L-000014 - Image 2: Letter text - Page 1

Letter text - Page 1.

NRA-L-000014 image 2 showing the first page of Mary Sophia Coates's letter from Newport, dated 19 April 1826, concerning her children.

NRA-L-000014 - Image 3: Letter text - Page 2 and postscript

Letter text - Page 2 and postscript.

NRA-L-000014 image 3 showing the second page, closing, signature and postscript of Mary Sophia Coates's letter from Newport, dated 19 April 1826.

[[label: Address Panel]] Thos Lane Esqr 38 Great James Street Bedford Row London Solicitor

[[label: Letter Text - Page 1]] April 19th 1826 Newport. Sir ! This is the second post paid letter which I have taken the liberty to address to you during this last quarter - hoping according to your promise that you would be pleased to favor me with an account of the health, welfare, and residence of my very unfortunate children - I now beg leave to acquaint you, that on Monday Morning next (if my daughter is recovered from her slight indisposition) I shall make these enquiries in person at your office, and request you will do me the justice to see me , Have the goodness to explain to Doctor Coates, that without my children I cannot live - therefore should they be in France ; we (myself and child) will follow them - or if in England state where we may live near them and we will do so without molesting Dr Coates or teaching Disobedience to the children -

[[label: Letter Text - Page 2]] I believe I can now guess how powerful my opposers are & how futile, the efforts of any real friends, (even if I have such,) to assist me! You, too, Sir, have most unfaithfully broken your voluntary promise to me! — If Dr Coates is in "trouble, sorrow, need, sickness, or any other adversity" - I am ready & willing to perform my duty to him and my children for which purpose I shall seek them! — I am too anxious for my children's safety in this just now, to [frame?] any other apology to you, as their God father, for the present occupation of your "time" — I am Sir Your Obt Servt Mary Sophia Coates - I have (as you will perceive) taken some trouble to write as "clearly" as I can. that you may not again be offended —


Family letter from Darricau (possibly d'Arricau) to Monsieur Michel, notaire, rue St Dizier, à Nancy, 1834-03-01

Darricau thanks Michel for handling a matter involving his mother, reports that Toulon is peaceful despite newspaper rumours, mentions recent duels, and describes repairs to a frigate.

Exact year established by the TOULON-S-MER / 2 MARS / 1834 postal cancellation. The manuscript dateline gives 1 March without a year; the later red annotation `(1832)` is incorrect.

Jean-Baptiste-François Michel, notary at Nancy [high confidence]

Toulon, Var, France
Nancy, Meurthe, France

Historical correspondence
Private collection
Family letter
French language

Ordinary Lives

NRA-L-000015 - Image 1: Address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations

NRA-L-000015 image 1 showing the address panel, postal marks and exterior annotations for Darricau's letter to Monsieur Michel, notary, in Nancy.

NRA-L-000015 - Image 2: Letter text and signature

Letter text and signature.

NRA-L-000015 image 2 showing Darricau's letter from Toulon, dated 1 March 1832, discussing local calm, duels and repairs to a frigate.

[[label: Address Panel]] à Monsieur Monsieur Michel notaire rue st Dizier à Nancy Meurthe

[[label: Letter Text]] Toulon le 1er mars Mon cher ami J'ai reçu ta lettre et je te remercie de la manière dont tu en as agi avec ma mère tu as bien fait de ne pas la contredire et de ne pas lui en dire tout ce que tu en sais tout sera terminé comme cela elle ne t'en parlera que lorsqu'elle te demandera la Rente. Je suis fâché de la peine que je t'ai donnée, mon ami, mais tu sais que ce seroit avec le plus grand plaisir que je ferais tout ce qui peut t'être agréable. Quoique quelques journaux ayent eu l'air de dire que nous avons eu des troubles dans ce pays, il n'en est rien, tout y est très tranquille au contraire et à l'exception de sept à huit mauvais sujets chargés depuis longtems du mépris général, tout le monde ici pense bien, cherit le Repos. Depuis deux jours nous avons eu quelques duels, mais il s'agissait de femmes et non d'affaires politiques ; il faut que jeunesse se passe, nos jeunes étourdis s'amusent à s'envoyer des balles par la tête. J'ai toujours le plus beau tems du monde pour continuer mes réparations mais je doute fort que je puisse être prêt avant deux mois la pauvre frégate étoit en mauvais état. Je te prie de ne pas m'oublier auprès de ta Dame et des amis Gely et Mandel Adieu mon ami. Darricau

[[label: Address Panel]] To Monsieur Monsieur Michel, notary Rue Saint-Dizier Nancy Meurthe

[[label: Letter Text]] Toulon, 1 March 1834 My dear friend, I received your letter and I thank you for the way you dealt with my mother you did well not to contradict her and not to tell her everything you know about it everything will be settled that way she will speak to you about it only when she asks you for the annuity. I am sorry for the trouble I have caused you, my friend, but you know that it would be with the greatest pleasure that I would do anything that might please you. Although some newspapers have seemed to say that we have had disturbances in this region, that is not at all the case, everything here is very peaceful on the contrary and with the exception of seven or eight bad characters who have long been generally despised, everyone here is right-minded, cherishes Repose. Over the last two days we have had a few duels, but they concerned women and not political affairs; youth must have its fling, our scatterbrained young men amuse themselves by firing bullets at one another's heads. I continue to have the finest weather in the world to carry on with my repairs but I very much doubt that I can be ready within two months the poor frigate was in a bad state. Please remember me to your lady and to friends Gely and Mandel Farewell my friend. Darricau [[notes]] Rente is translated as annuity. The phrase pense bien is rendered as is right-minded and carries a political undertone. Il faut que jeunesse se passe is translated as Youth must have its fling.